This 32-year-old Pilates instructor was convicted of ‘lies’ that duped JPMorgan out of $175M — and some now compare her to Elizabeth Holmes. How she did it and what investors can learn

Who Is Charlie Javice and what did she promise?

Charlie Javice founded Frank in 2016, promoting it as a cutting-edge platform that would simplify the process of applying for federal student aid.

By digitizing and streamlining FAFSA, Frank promised students easier access to financial support, dramatically reducing paperwork and bureaucratic hurdles. Javice projected confidence, ambition, and youthful innovation, quickly positioning Frank as an indispensable tool for college-bound students nationwide.

By 2019, Javice had been widely celebrated for her entrepreneurship and ability to attract venture capital. Her portrayal of Frank as a major success story, boasting millions of active users, secured her credibility in financial circles.

In reality, Frank’s actual customer base was less than 10% less than the company had publicly boasted of.

When JPMorgan expressed interest in acquiring Frank, Javice sensed an opportunity to capitalize on the bank’s appetite for growth. She reportedly paid a data scientist $18,000 to generate millions of fake user profiles, complete with realistic personal information, to substantiate her exaggerated user claims.

Testimony revealed JPMorgan officials never checked if the users were real.

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How JPMorgan fell victim to Javice's deception

Jamie Dimon, JPMorgan’s longtime CEO, would later call the acquisition of Javice’s company a "huge mistake."

So how did a banking titan fail to uncover such blatant fraud during its acquisition process? JPMorgan appeared to rely heavily on data presented by Javice and her team, failing to independently corroborate the legitimacy of Frank’s purported user base through external audits or third-party verification.

The deception only came to light when JPMorgan attempted to leverage Frank’s user base, eventually learning after a subsequent internal investigation that the bank had been manipulated.

In December 2022, JPMorgan took legal action, filing a lawsuit against Javice for defrauding the company. The U.S. Department of Justice soon followed, charging Javice with wire fraud, bank fraud, securities fraud, and conspiracy.

“It was through their lies that (Javice and Amar) became multimillionaires,” federal prosecutor Rushmi Bhaskaran said during the trial.

Javice’s defense attorney, Jose Baez, claimed JPMorgan was fully aware of the accurate user figures, suggesting the bank had simply experienced buyer's remorse due to subsequent regulatory changes affecting the fintech sector.

But the jury was unconvinced, leading to Javice’s guilty verdict on all counts, and she now faces up to 30 years in prison.

Lessons learned: Protecting your investments

Javice’s elaborate fraud highlights essential lessons for all investors, from major financial institutions to individual retail investors. Protecting funds against similar scams requires diligent skepticism, rigorous verification and proactive risk management.

Investors must prioritize independent verification of any data provided during acquisitions or funding rounds. Relying solely on company-provided information is insufficient; third-party audits, external validations and comprehensive cross-checking of user data are essential. Understanding the nuances of a company’s business model, revenue streams, and customer acquisition methods can help reveal underlying red flags.

Investors should also be wary of hype-driven valuations and high-profile media endorsements. Accolades, like those Javice received from Forbes (though the publication later put Javice in its “Hall of Shame”), can create a false sense of security. Instead, rigorous analysis of financial fundamentals and operational transparency should guide investment decisions.

Regulatory tools, such as the SEC’s EDGAR database and FINRA’s BrokerCheck, offer valuable insights into corporate transparency and leadership backgrounds. Engaging trusted financial and legal advisors also adds necessary layers of due diligence and can help investors avoid costly oversights.